Responsive Web Design (RWD)


Responsive web design is an approach to how a web site is developed that aims to provide users of a web site with a good experience regardless of the browser, device, or screen size used.

With the advance of the smartphone and tablet, more people have access to the Internet by their mobile devices. It used to have different code bases for separate mobile presence. With Responsive Web Design, one code base for different mobile presences. It means that the images, videos, and text of the web pages will be adjusted automatically to fit the horizontal screen size for different devices. If there is not enough space, the web page content will go down vertically.

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Responsive Web Design Overview


Nowadays, there are many different screen sizes with different resolutions: 360 x 640, 375 x 667, 360 x 720, 375 x 812, 411 x 731, 768 x 1024, 1366 x 768, 1920 x 1080. It can be a desktop, laptop, tablet, mobile phone handheld devices.

For traditional web design, the web pages are tailored to the computer desktop or laptop screen size. Therefore the website horizontal display will exceed the screen of the smaller mobile devices. The user has to move the horizontal scroll bar to see the complete web page and it depends on the user mobile device screen size. The size of the characters and the images can be very small and it may be too difficult to read.

Adaptive Design was introduced which created different versions of the web pages for the website. Each version has a different template which is optimized and unique to every device class. It is equivalent to have several websites to different device classes to obtain device-optimized view.

Unlike Adaptive Design, Responsive Web Design was developed which only one version of the web pages is sent to different device classes.

Responsive Web Design is developed by using HTML, CSS or CSS3, and JavaScript.

Responsive Web Design Features


  • Viewpoint meta tag: The browser will adjust the dimensions and scaling of the page to the width of the device.
  • Flexible layout: A fluid flexible layout built relies on a percentage of the viewport width.
  • Flexible images: The technique is to set the max-width property to 100%. If their containing column became narrower than the image's intrinsic size, images would scale down smaller.
  • Media Queries: Media queries allow inspect the physical characteristics of the device and they enable the type of layout switch using only CSS. The settings includes min-width and max-width and it introduces the breakpoints. One layout for all screen sizes and the layout could be changed.


Responsive Web Design Advantages


  • Nowadays, most of the users surf through the internet using mobile phones devices.
  • Mobile devices friendly and user experience consistently across all devices.
  • The development and maintenance costs are less. Unlike Adaptive Design, only one version of the website is needed.
  • It is faster load time. Unlike Adaptive Design, redirection for users because of different device is not needed.